Scientists tracked 76 rhesus monkeys for as long as 20 years.

    科學(xué)家們跟蹤觀察研究了76只獼猴長達20年之久。

    The one on the left is on a reduced-calorie regimen, the right on a normal diet.

    左邊遵循減少熱量方案的法則，右邊則是正常飲食。

    With a reduced-calorie diet, monkeys were less likely to die of an age-related disease -- cancer, heart disease or diabetes, reports a study in the journal Science.

    通過減少熱量的飲食，猴子不太可能死于與年齡有關(guān)的疾病，癌癥，心臟病或糖尿病，《科學(xué)雜志》中的一份研究報告指出。

    For a country in which roughly 200 million people are overweight or obese, scientists today have discouraging news: Even those who maintain a healthy weight probably should be eating less.

    對于一個有大約200萬人超重或肥胖的國家，科學(xué)家今天的消息有點讓人沮喪：即使是那些有健康體重的人或許也應(yīng)少吃。

    Evidence has been mounting for years that the practice of caloric restriction -- essentially, going on a permanent diet -- greatly reduces the risk of age-related diseases and even postpones death.

    這些年來不斷有證據(jù)表明，限制熱量的飲食（必須常年堅持）,大大減少了與年齡有關(guān)的疾病的風(fēng)險，甚至推延了死亡。

    It has been shown to significantly extend the lives of yeast, worms, flies, spiders, fish, mice and rats.

    酵母，蠕蟲，蒼蠅，蜘蛛，魚，小鼠和大鼠的生命已經(jīng)被證實顯著地延長了。

    Now, in a much-anticipated study funded by the National Institutes of Health, many of the same benefits have been demonstrated in primates, the best evidence yet that caloric restriction would help people.

    現(xiàn)在，一個由美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院資助的令人矚目的研究表明，許多好處已被證明在靈長類動物身上同樣有效，這是健康的限制熱量飲食將同樣有助于人的最好證據(jù)。

    The findings, published in the journal Science , tracked rhesus monkeys that were on a reduced-calorie regimen for as long as 20 years.

    這個調(diào)查結(jié)果，是在跟蹤觀察了實行減少熱量飲食方案的恒河猴長達20年之后，才在《科學(xué)雜志》公開發(fā)表的。

    The animals' risk of dying from cancer, heart disease and diabetes fell by more than two-thirds

    它們死于癌癥，心臟病和糖尿病的可能性下降了三分之二以上。

    The study comes as some validation to the cadre of several hundred true-believing Americans who profess to practice caloric restriction in their daily lives.

    研究之際，數(shù)百名美國人聲稱他們在日常生活中信奉實踐卡路里限制飲食。

    It was also welcomed by scientists who study the biological mechanisms of aging and longevity.

    此研究也受到了研究生物的老化和長壽機制科學(xué)家的歡迎。

    "It adds to the evidence piling up that caloric restriction, independent of thinness, is a healthy way to stay alive and healthy longer," said Susan Roberts of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, who wasn't involved in the study. "

    更多證據(jù)表明，熱量限制，無論胖瘦，是一種健康的和保持健康的生存方式， "羅茨蘇珊（人類營養(yǎng)研究中心的老化塔夫茨大學(xué)，沒有參與研究）說。

    "Less diseases in old age has to be something most everyone wants."

    "減少老年疾病已成為最每個人的希望。 "

    Is caloric restriction the solution?

    限制熱量就是解決方案嗎？

    "Mild caloric restriction is beneficial to everybody," said Dr. Luigi Fontana, a medical professor at Washington University in St. Louis.

    "溫和的卡路里限制，有利于每個人",醫(yī)療教授圣路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)的Luigi Fontana博士說。

    In his examinations of people who have been practicing caloric restriction for an average of 6 1/2 years, Fontana found their heart function was equivalent to those of people 16 years younger.

    在檢查了那些實行限制熱量飲食并且堅持平均6 年半的人的心臟后，F(xiàn)ontana發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的心臟功能與16年前一樣。

    Though the regimen sounds grueling, it is hardly a starvation diet, experts said.

    雖然方案聽起來自虐，但不是說是餓死人的那種程度，專家說。

    It typically begins with an in-depth assessment to determine how many calories an individual needs to consume to maintain a healthy weight.

    一般首先進行深入評估，以確定個人保持健康體重所必需消耗的卡路里數(shù)。

    Then that number is shaved by 10% to 30%.

    然后，在這個數(shù)字上削減10 %至30 % .

    People on caloric restriction can eat three meals a day.

    實行熱量限制的人們可以吃一日三餐。

    A typical menu includes cereal with fruit and nuts for breakfast, a big salad for lunch, and dinner featuring lean meat and reasonable portion sizes.

    一份典型的菜單包括谷物與水果及堅果的早餐，一個大沙拉午餐，晚餐有些合理份額的瘦肉。

    There's also room for a couple of snacks and even a small dessert from time to time.

    還有余地吃幾個小吃，甚至還不時有一個小甜點。

    Caloric restriction has consistently produced health benefits for animals.

    只要限制熱量，就會對動物的健康產(chǎn)生益處。

    In the new study, scientists tracked 76 adult rhesus monkeys from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center starting in 1989.

    在這項新研究中，科學(xué)家們于1989年開始，跟蹤研究了來自從威斯康星州國家靈長類動物研究中心的76只成年獼猴。

    Half the animals were fed a typical diet of lab chow, and the rest got a version with a higher concentration of vitamins and minerals to make up for the 30% reduction in chow quantity.

    一半喂食一般的飲食實驗室食物，其余的喂食高濃度的維生素和礦物質(zhì)，以彌補減少的30 %的食物數(shù)量。

    Over the course of the study, the monkeys that ate the regular diet were three times more likely to die of an age-related disease than their counterparts on caloric restriction.

    在研究過程中，對比熱量限制飲食的猴子，正常飲食的猴子死于與年齡有關(guān)的疾病的可能性高3倍以上。

    Fourteen deaths in the control group were attributable to age-related diseases, compared with five such deaths among the animals that ate 30% fewer calories, according to the study.

    根據(jù)這項研究，對照組有14死于與年齡有關(guān)的疾病，相比之下，30 %少熱量組只有5死。

    The rates of cardiovascular disease and pre-cancerous cell growths were twice as high in the control group compared with the reduced-calorie group.

    心血管疾病和癌前期細(xì)胞生長的發(fā)生率，對照組比少熱量組高兩倍。

    The researchers also noted that although five of the control monkeys became diabetic and 11 were classified as pre-diabetic, all the calorie-restricted animals remained diabetes-free.

    研究人員還指出，雖然普通喂養(yǎng)的猴子中五只成為糖尿病，11只被列為糖尿病前期，但所有通過限制熱量喂養(yǎng)的猴子仍然免受糖尿病困擾。

    Brain scans revealed significantly less atrophy of gray matter in the monkeys that ate less.

    腦掃描顯示少吃的猴子腦部灰質(zhì)萎縮大大減少。

    They even looked less wrinkled and flabby.

    甚至看不到他們的皮膚的皺紋和松弛。

    In all, the monkeys on caloric restriction "appear to be biologically younger than the normally fed animals," the researchers wrote in their report.

    總之，通過熱量限制飲食的猴子的生理年齡比通常喂養(yǎng)的看起來年輕， 研究人員在其報告中寫道。