It's hard to make children do what's good for them when they've got other ideas. Author and psychotherapist Gael Lindenfield shows how pressing the right buttons can make a lasting contribution to your child's wellbeing.

    當(dāng)孩子思想不通時(shí)，很難使他們做對(duì)他們自己有益的事。作家兼心理治療學(xué)家蓋爾-林登費(fèi)爾德向你揭示了下列可能對(duì)你的孩子的健康成長(zhǎng)具有持久影響的正確方法。

    Physical force or threats may make children do as they're told in the short term but their compliance will last only as long as the threat is relevant. Then they will go back to doing what they wanted to do in the first place.

    強(qiáng)制或威脅也許能使孩子暫時(shí)惟命是從，但也僅僅限于威脅起作用的時(shí)候。過(guò)后，他們又回到原來(lái)想做的事上去。

    The parental approval ploy--"Mummy will be so pleased" or "Daddy would be so proud of you"--may have limited success when they're small but it won't work on teenagers, whose strongest motivation is parental disapproval. This sort of eager-to-please passivity is not likely to impress a future boss looking for a go-getter.

    父母采用贊許的辦法——如：“媽媽會(huì)非常高興”或“爸爸會(huì)為你感到自豪”——在孩子很小時(shí)有時(shí)也許能奏效，但對(duì)十幾歲的少年卻不起作用，這個(gè)年齡段的孩子做事總是與父母的意見(jiàn)相悖。這種對(duì)“急欲取悅別人”的否定心態(tài)將來(lái)找工作可就難了，它不可能給老板留下好印象，因?yàn)樗�要的是富有事業(yè)心的人。

    However, there are ways to build and boost their self-motivation in a way that will be as beneficial to you as to them. Here are some tips on how to help your children want to do what they need to do:

    然而，有一些辦法可以發(fā)展和促進(jìn)孩子的自我激勵(lì)意識(shí)，它對(duì)父母和孩子都有益。以下即是如何幫助你的孩子主動(dòng)做他們應(yīng)該做的事的訣竅：

    1 Constantly remind them they deserve success--self-esteem is at the heart of self-motivation but remember, your love is not enough. They have to act in a loving way towards themselves so make them aware of behaviour and habits that are self-destructive and self-sabotaging.

    經(jīng)常提醒他們會(huì)取得成功——自尊是自我激勵(lì)的核心，但要記住僅有你的愛(ài)是不夠的。他們必須自愛(ài)，因此，要使他們認(rèn)識(shí)哪些行為和習(xí)慣對(duì)自己有害，會(huì)造成對(duì)己不利的影響。

    2 Fire up their curiosity and excitement about life by extending their horizons--take them on adventures to new places and ensure they meet as many different kinds of people as possible to broaden their outlook.

    擴(kuò)大他們的視野以激發(fā)他們對(duì)生活的好奇心和興奮點(diǎn)——帶他們?nèi)ギ悋?guó)他鄉(xiāng)、奇風(fēng)異俗的地方，盡量接觸各色人等，以此擴(kuò)大他們的視野。

    3 Encourage them to pursue realistic dreams--and make sure these are kept alive and believable. For example, get books or videos or cut out articles about people doing what they want to do, or find a way for them to meet them or write to them. Most successful adults will willingly make time to inspire children who want to be like them.

    鼓勵(lì)他們追求可成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的夢(mèng)想——確保這些夢(mèng)想能夠繼續(xù)和可信。比如，為他們購(gòu)買關(guān)于那些能做自己想做的事的人的書籍、錄像或剪報(bào)，或?yàn)樗麄兿朕k法與這些人見(jiàn)面或給他們寫信。多數(shù)功成名就的人都愿花時(shí)間激勵(lì)崇拜他們的孩子。

    4 Use "pull" not" push" to help them make hard choices and don't let your own fear of the unknown dictate what your children should or shouldn't do. Help them to find out what they really want and what is most likely to work by teaching them decision-making techniques. You can't make all their decisions for them and although you don't always approve or agree with what they want to do, you must be prepared to stand by them and offer support.

    使用“拉”而不“推”的方法幫助他們做艱難的決擇，不要因?yàn)閾?dān)心自己不了解就決定孩子該做什么和不該做什么。教他們做決定的技巧，以此來(lái)幫他們認(rèn)識(shí)自己真正想做什么和做什么最有效。你不能一切決定都代他做，盡管你對(duì)他們想做的事并非全都贊成或同意，但你必須與他們站在一起并支持他們。

    5 Encourage them to be self-forgiving when they make mistakes--help them to see what they have learned from them and what you have learned from yours. Challenge their negative talk and make sure you're not too stressed to see the "silver lining", too.

    當(dāng)他們犯了錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)�諒自�?mdash;—幫助他們學(xué)會(huì)從錯(cuò)誤中獲得教益并告訴他們你從自己的錯(cuò)誤中得到了什么教訓(xùn)。反駁他們的消極談話，自己一定不要過(guò)于壓抑以至于看不到失望中的“一線希望”。

    6 Make the celebrity culture work for you and them--keep abreast of their current heroes. If they don't know much about them, do some research together to see what has helped them become successful and stay motivated. Magazines and the Internet are full of interviews and stories about how famous people " made it". You can then refer back to this meaningful wisdom when the going gets tough. For example:" David Beckham didn't get where he is today by staying up all night playing computer games," or" Kylie Minogue is so attractive because she smiles all the time."

    讓明星文化為你和孩子們發(fā)揮作用——了解他們當(dāng)前心目中的英雄人物是哪些。如果他們不太了解這些人物，那你就與孩子們一起做些調(diào)查，看看是什么幫助這些明星成功并時(shí)刻讓自己獲得激勵(lì)。雜志和因特網(wǎng)充滿名人如“成功”的訪問(wèn)記和報(bào)道。當(dāng)與孩子的交流出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，可以回想一下并利用這些有用的智慧：比如“如果戴維-貝克漢姆整個(gè)晚上都玩電子游戲，他肯定不會(huì)取得今天的成就”或“剴莉-米諾格之所以如此迷人，是因?yàn)樗�總是面帶微�?rdquo;。

    7 Encourage them to be self-reflective when they get it right -- help them to think about the hows and whys. Reminding them of things they have done well in the past may also help. For example:"You seemed to have no trouble getting down to that essay. I wonder why it was easier for you to do your homework this week?" Or:" Do you remember during the exams last term, you found thinking positively and not panicking really seemed to help you?"

    當(dāng)孩子做對(duì)了，要鼓勵(lì)他們進(jìn)行思考——幫助他們想一想是怎樣和為什么把事情做得很好的。讓他們回憶過(guò)去做好的事情，這樣做也有益。比如：“你寫那篇文章似乎并不費(fèi)勁。而且你做這禮拜的作業(yè)也更為容易?”或者“你還記得上學(xué)期考試時(shí)你發(fā)現(xiàn)處事樂(lè)觀、積極，考場(chǎng)上鎮(zhèn)靜不慌確實(shí)對(duì)你很有幫助嗎?”

    8 Hold back on negative criticism until they have made their own assessment. For example:"Do you think putting yourself down all the time is motivating you?" is better than saying:"You shouldn't put yourself down -- it doesn't help." Similarly:" Do you think you have lost interest partly because you are so tired?" is preferable to: " If you got to bed earlier, you would feel differently."

    在他們做出自我估價(jià)之前，克制反面的批評(píng)。例如：“你認(rèn)為總是灰心喪氣會(huì)對(duì)你有什么幫助嗎?”的說(shuō)法比“你不該灰心喪氣，這對(duì)你沒(méi)有好處!”要好。同樣：“難道你不覺(jué)得有時(shí)疲勞會(huì)使你失去興趣嗎?”就比“如果你早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)，感覺(jué)就會(huì)不一樣!”更可取。

    9 Encourage them to revel in their successes--teach them that celebrating achievements can inspire others and that it can be done in a way that doesn't sound like bragging and doesn't make other people feel small. Don't forget that for developing self-motivation, it is more important to celebrate the smaller milestones than the major achievements--they are naturally more rewarding.

    鼓勵(lì)孩子為自己的成功歡呼雀躍——告訴他們慶賀自己的成就能夠激勵(lì)他人，做法可以既不夸耀自己也不貶低他人。記住，要發(fā)展自我激勵(lì)意識(shí)，慶祝較小的進(jìn)步比慶祝大成就更為重要——它們當(dāng)然更有回報(bào)。